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Learn why concrete cracks and how to stop it
Concrete is strong, durable, and used in nearly every home, but it’s not indestructible. If you’ve noticed cracks forming in your driveway, basement floor, or foundation, you’re not alone. Cracking is one of the most common issues with concrete, and it can occur even when everything appears to be done correctly. Discover the underlying causes of concrete cracks and learn practical methods to prevent them from occurring in the first place.
1. Natural Shrinkage During Curing
- As concrete dries and hardens, it goes through a process called curing. During this time, the moisture inside the concrete evaporates, causing it to shrink slightly. This natural shrinkage can create small surface cracks, commonly known as shrinkage cracks.
They’re usually not a structural problem, but they can be unsightly and might allow moisture to seep in if left untreated.
2. Uneven Soil Movement and Poor Foundation Support
- When the soil beneath a concrete slab shifts or settles unevenly, it puts stress on the concrete. This can lead to cracking, especially if the base wasn’t properly compacted before pouring.
In New Jersey, where varied soil types and freeze-thaw cycles are prevalent, this is a frequent issue. Improper site preparation is one of the biggest causes of early concrete damage.
3. Expanding and Contracting Due to Temperature Changes
- Concrete naturally expands in the heat and contracts in cold weather. When this movement isn’t accounted for, the pressure builds up and causes cracks. In areas where the weather can go from freezing in winter to hot and humid in summer, this thermal movement can take a real toll on concrete surfaces.
4. Too Much Weight or Pressure
- If a concrete slab is not designed to handle heavy loads like large vehicles or industrial equipment, it can crack under pressure. This is common in driveways or garage floors that weren’t reinforced properly. Overloading can cause both surface cracks and deeper structural damage.
How to Prevent Concrete Cracks Before They Start?
1. Use the Right Concrete Mix
- Choosing a high-quality mix tailored to your project can make a big difference. The mix should contain the right proportions of water, cement, and aggregates, along with additives that improve durability. A contractor familiar with New Jersey’s climate can recommend the best mix to reduce cracking risks.
2. Install Control Joints Strategically
- Control joints are planned cuts placed into the concrete to help manage where cracks will occur. These joints allow the concrete to expand, contract, and move without creating random cracks across the surface. They are especially important in larger slabs like driveways or patios.
3. Cure the Concrete Properly
- Curing is one of the most overlooked but vital steps in preventing cracks. Once the concrete is poured, it should be kept moist for several days to slow down drying and reduce the risk of shrinkage cracks. Covering the surface or using a curing compound helps maintain moisture levels during this phase.
4. Prepare the Base and Soil Correctly
- A stable, compacted base is critical to supporting your concrete. Ensure the soil is properly graded and compacted to prevent shifting or settling. This step is especially important in areas with clay-heavy or loose soil.
Protect Your Concrete with Expert Help
- Concrete cracks are common, but they don’t have to be a constant worry. With the right preparation, materials, and maintenance, you can keep your concrete surfaces strong and free from cracks.
If you notice cracks in your wall and need professional help, call us at (877) 727-2259. Our experts at Crack-X will inspect your property and take the right steps to fix your foundation. Crack-X is a civil structure Foundation repairs company serving Maine and New Hampshire. We fix foundation cracks using trusted methods and quality materials.